Saturday, 28 April 2012

Around Mussoorie : KALSI


Altitude          : 780m
Population     : ?
STD code      : 0135
Distance from Delhi: 49 km from Dehradun, 288 km from Delhi.


Kalsi is one of the three blocks of the Jaunsaar-Baawar tribal region of the Dehradun district, the other two being Chakrata and Tiuni. Kalsi is a mesmerizing entry zone to the Jaunsaar-Baawar tribal belt and is calmly located on the confluence of the Yamuna and the Tons rivers which outburst from the mountains to the plains. Owing to its social customs and rituals the Jaunsaar-Baawar had long remained alienated as the region was considered backward. Kalsi was just a tiny hamlet only until an Englishman Mr. Forrest discovered an Ashokan rock edict in the year 1860. The 10 feet high, 10 ft long and 8 ft wide quartz boulder is one of the furthest known of the Ashoka’s dominion out the his kingdom. The battle of Kalinga shook the great Ashoka to his roots and ever since then he adapted the path of non-violence pertaining to the ways of Buddhism. The edict is inscribed in Brahmi and Prakrit saying about practicing non-violence. An outline of an elephant depicts Buddha’s descend from the Tushita heaven with the word gajatam written between its legs.  The names of five Greek kings namely Antiochus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Magus and Alexander are inscribed on the rock to help date the edict. The writing was done around 253 BC. Kalsi acts as a buffer zone between the Uttarakhand and Himachal mountains. 

Adventure: Kalsi is gifted with pristine green locales and a vast valley intersected by the Yamuna and Tons which is one of its greatest tributaries. Walks around Kalsi, like that of Katta Pathar, enable a venture through rivers and boulders. Angling of Mahseer can be fun for which prior permission has to be taken from the Snow Lion Estate. Cycling is heavenly on the tranquil wide roads around Kalsi which dissect at some places the jungle of silver oak on one side and sal on the other. 
    
Around Kalsi:
Vikasnagar: Once a tiny hamlet Vikasnagar today is one of the fastest developing towns of Uttarakhand yet retaining its cultural grandeur and scenic locales. At only a distance of 10 km from Kalsi, Vikasnagar lies on one of the very fertile deposition of the Yamuna and Tons river and the vegetation is distinctively rich. The potato, beans, cereals and ginger of the Vikasnagar suburbs are always in high demand. The Bazaar is cloaking into an urban getup yet it is the place where traditional items like the bronze and brass drums and trumpets are in plenty for sale.  

Asan Barrage: The region that follows towards the west of Dehradun is known as Pachhuwa Doon. The road that leads to Paonta Sahib comes across a masterpiece of engineering where the Tons river is channeled through a tunnel inside a hill to feed the Kulhal power house. The barrage thus created has given way to a lake which inhabits avifauna like ducks, kingfisher, koot, drongo. Flocks of migratory birds visit the lake in winter making it a haven for bird watchers and naturalists. The Asan barrage is a tranquil picnic spot with a Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) rest house for those who intend to stay over for some time.  

Dakpathar: One of the pioneering schemes of modernization after independence, the Dakpathar hydroelectricity barrage is harvesting the waters of the Yamuna river. The canal nourishes the powerhouses at Khodri (120MW), Dhalipur (50MW), Dhakrani (33.75 MW) and Kulhal (30MW). The barrage is also a paradise for bird watchers and the waterways are being sighted as ideal for water sports.   

Paonta Sahib: On the verge of the Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Harayana border, Paonta Saahib is a small town where the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Govind Singh was sent after his father Guru Teg Bahadur was beheaded by Aurangzeb. Guru Govind Singh spent a good span of time in Paonta Sahib hatching his vengeance for Aurangzeb by excelling in the skills of warfare. There are numerous Gurudwaras at Paonta Sahib which are related to the tenth Guru’s tryst with time and situation. Gurudwara Bhangani Sahib symbolizes Guru Govind Singh’s first battle where he defeated Raja Fateh Shah. Gurudwara Tirgarh Sahib is perched on a hilltop fro where the Guru pierced fierce arrows at the enemies. Gurudwara Shergarh Sahib is the place where Guru Govind Singh beheaded a fierce man-eater tiger with a single swing of his sword. There are numerous articles of the Guru’s weapons and other belongings at the Gurudwara.       

Timli Pass: On the route from Asan barrage back to Kalsi lays the serene Timli pass which was used by the British troops to aid Major General Ochterlony in the battle against the gallant Gurkha General Amar Singh Thapa’s army in their bid to posses the Doon Valley.    

Educational Institutes in Mussoorie



Mussoorie has the pride for being one of the best educational hub in the entire country. The Maddock School, which was later transformed into the famous Savoy hotel, was one of the first few schools in the country.

The Woodstock School is an IB school located on the Mussoorie-Tehri Highway.

The St. Georges College for boys stands secluded at the impressive Manor House. The young Maharaja Duleep Singh of Patiala was once kept in exile in the Manor House.

Wynberg Allen School lies on an isolated slope on the same ridge as the St. Gorges College.

• A venture on the Northern Railways, the Oak Grove School was established as the first ever concept of the Railways, hill station and a public school. The 1888 made School building has been listed for the 2011 status of The World Heritage site by UNESCO.

Mussoorie Public School is located right in the heart of the town yet is isolated from it as it is smartly located behind a hill over the mall road.

St. Clare's School is situated on the Landour road and is basically for junior classes.

Mussoorie Girls and boys School is situated at the entrance of the Camel's Back Road beside the famous Rink Hall.

Convent of Jesus and Mary Hampton Court also lies in the heart of the town yet isolated from it. This co-ed junior School is located on the slopes of the rope way station.

Mussoorie Modern School is perched on a hill top on the western side away from the town.

Convent of Jesus and Mary Waverly was established in the year 1845 for the girls of the British officers. One of the oldest Schools of Mussoorie, Waverly stands on and isolated hilltop opposite of the Mussoorie Modern School.

Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary school Shangri-la stands almost in the wilderness of the outskirts of Mussoorie on the Haathipaon road.

Guru Nanak Fifth centenary School Vincent Hill was known as the Vincent Hill School during the British times. This boy's school is perched on a cliff on the slopes of the Baroda Estate and is completely isolated from habitation.

Manav Bhaarti International School stands between the Vincent Hill and the Shangri-la Schools.

Central School for Tibetans was opened in Happy Valley in the year 1961 by the Central Government for the children of the Tibetan refugees who migrated to the Hills of India after the Chinese occupation of their land.

Tibetan Homes School is another educational institute for the Tibetan children. This co-ed school in the Happy Valley is managed by the Tibetan Homes Foundation which is a body with a number of foreign patrons.

Mussoorie International School is one premier institution for girls which is the preference is most of the NRI parents. The school is ideally located in the wilderness around the famous polo ground.

Kendriya Vidhyalay is another government school with in the vicinity of the polo ground.

Katesar Castle School is housed within the Katesar Castle and temple complex which is a private concern of the family of the Talukdaar of Katesar in the Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh. Neelambari Devi, the grand daughter-in-law of the Talukdar herself administers this junior school.

Ghananand Government Inter College is located at Kingcraig on the Dehradun-Mussoorie highway, this co-ed school ensures education to a major section of children in Mussoorie and the nearby villages.

Mussoorie Girls Inter College supports education to a large section of the girls of Mussoorie and the nearby villages. This school is peacefully located on the slope of the ridge of the Clock tower and borders the Dehradun-Mussoorie highway.

R. N. Bhargava Inter College for boys lies on a peaceful location close to the Mussoorie Girls Inter College.

Sanatan Dharm Girls Inter College is a foundation of the Sanatan Dharm Sabha Mussoorie. This school lies over a hill top in the Landour Bazaar area and supports education to a large number of girls of the town and the nearby villages.

The Mussoorie Management Institute has come up as a boon for the girls of Mussoorie and around. The only Institute in town for girls encircles courses for B. Ed and BBA enthusiasts providing day and boarding facilities.

Lal Bahadur Shashtri National Academy of Administration is the premier Institution in the country where the officer trainees of the civil services gets trained. The pass outs of this Institution join the IAS, IPS and the IFS.

Indo-Tibetan Border Police Academy is located on the Dehradun-Mussoorie.

The Institute of Technology Management is one wing of the ministry of defense, government of India, perched atop the Lal Tibba hill. 

Places of Tourist Interest


• Walks: Mussoorie is one preferred destination for strolls through the mall road, the tranquil pathways through old colonial building and nature walks through thick wooded stretches.

• Landour-Sister Bazaar : The Landour area is the oldest settlement in the entire township and still preserves the tranquility of the bygone colonial times. The uphill walk towards Landour begins from the eastern end of the Mall road. The Clock Tower point is where from where the Landour Bazaar exceeds till the Gurudwara Chowk. During the British times the same stretch was known as Parade Lane as the British Army troops marched on it. Later a market evolved there which was named as Shivaji Market. The former Clock Tower had a history of its own the gong of which was audible till Rajpur as claim some elders. The Castle Hill is the estate where Maharani Jinda Kaur of Patiala was kept in exile. Now the estate belongs to the Survey of India. The numerous Dosa joints opposite to the Castle Hill gate are favorite hang outs amongst youngsters of the town who frequent there for mouth watering South Indian cuisines. Another land mark in the Landour Bazaar is the Kohinoor Building which has completed more than hundred years of existence. The Survey Chowk is lined with shops famous for delicious sweets and Namkeens. The Landour Bazaar is also famous for the shops where exclusive Pahaari silver jewelry is made to order.

• The Mall Road: stretched over a distance of 4 km, the Mall road beats through the very heart of the town on the south face of the hillside providing a commanding panorama of the vast Doon Valley which appears as a dream during the day and a real heaven in night. Most of the hotels, restaurant, bars, showrooms, handicrafts and souvenir shops lie on the Mall road.

• Gun Hill / Rope Way: The gun hill is the highest point in the Mall road which can be reached by a cable car or after a short trek from Jhulaghar. Gun hill is called so because during the British times a gun was fired from the top exactly at noon to enable people to set their watches. Today lots of souvenir shops and eating joints stand on the huge water reservoir tank which provides an excellent view of the mighty Himalayas and the enticing Doon Valley. A must do at gun hill has always been getting photographed in the local pahaari attire.

• Kempty Falls: A natural waterfall cascading from the height of over 100 meters, the Kempty Falls is one major tourist attraction which can be reached after a 14 km enchanting drive through the hamlets of Jaunpur tribal area on the Yamunotri highway. The Kempty falls remains thronged with tourists as the region encircles numerous natural pools and artificial lakes, fun slides, a rope way and tempting eating joints.

• Company Garden: The soothing climate of the Queen of the Hills prompted Dr. King of the Royal Botanical Garden Calcutta, Dr. Royale of the Saharanpore Botanical Garden and General Biddulf of the Bengal Engineers to establish a branch of the gardens in Mussoorie and the plan was executed in the year 1842 as Company Garden. Today the Company Garden is managed by the Garden Welfare Association as a tie-up with the Nagar Paalika Parishad Mussoorie under the Public Private Partnership scheme. The Company Garden is an ideal spacious zone for a picnic amidst the environs which is the coldest in the entire township. The garden houses a healthy accumulation of exotic flowers and the rare Gingko Biloba trees (Gingko Biloba is a living fossil). Fun rides, artificial lakes, cascades and ponds beside the alluring eating joints make it a trip worthwhile.

• Camel's Back Road: Most of the habitation and the Mall road fall on the south face of the Mussoorie ridge where as the north face is comparatively less populated. The Camel's Back road is rather a hushed zone primarily meant for walks and horse rides. The serpentine road provides an awesome view of the great Himalayas and the hamlets of Jaunpur tribal belt. The road enables a view of a natural rock formation which resembles like a sitting camel, hence the name. An old cemetery on the deodar slopes of the road is the resting ground of great personalities like Sir Henry Bohle, Sir John Mackinnon and Sir John Lang. The Hawa Ghar on the road was imported from England and was reassembled here. According to a gossip, the Hawa Ghar got to be known as scandal point when a few young officers of the British army were caught making merry with the wives of their seniors. The humble witness of the bygone times still stands strong at on of the most scenic turns of the road.

• Lal Tibba / Chaar Dukaan / Sister Bazaar: The evening sun of autumn and winter kiss the forehead of the Queen of the Hills and she blushes red. Lal Tibba is the highest hill in the town which turns into the hues of red when the evening sun of winter falls on it. Highly recommended for walk, the cantonment area encompasses a circular pathway which begins from St. Paul Church at Chaar Dukaan. It is a laidback slumbering place with only four shops in a row which serves delicious noodles, omlettes, pizzas and hot and cold beverages. The circular path goes through Childer's lodge where a powerful binocular enables the best view of the great Himalayas. A canteen at the ticket counter makes it a cozy little joint. An old cemetery amidst the scented deodar forest leads through the Sister Bazaar where the sisters of the Landour Sanitarium once lived. Today, the tiny bazaar is known all over for some of the best verities of cottage cheese.

• Happy Valley / Tibetan Monastry: The Happy Valley, as the name suggests, was a place for fun and gaiety during the British period with the famous Charlieville hotel as the prime hub. The Happy Valley Club was one of the most happening dos of those times. Today, the fantastic buildings and the vicinity belongs to the Lal Bahadur Shashtri National Academy of Administration. The Valley is also the home to the Tibetans who have established an elaborated gompa (Buddha temple) and a chorten (stupa) on the Dalai Hill which becomes prominent with hundreds of colorful tharchuk (praying flags). Highly recommended for walk.

• Lake Mist: A secluded water resort on the stream that forms the Kempty Falls is managed by a private concern. Lake mist is 8 km from the town on the Yamunotri highway. The well maintained rooms and restaurant makes it a very private place to holiday beside fresh water stream.

• Bhatta Falls: A natural stream, near the Bhatta Village on the Dehradun-Mussoorie highway, gushes down from a height of 30 meters. Unlike the Kempty Falls, the Bhatta Falls is less explored and hence is less polluted. The fall cascades through the prestigious Galogi Power house which has to its credit of being the second pioneer hydro-electricity plant of the country after Mysore. The isolated fall and the numerous natural pools on the streams make it a very private affair.

• Jharipaani Falls: An introvert waterfall in the wilderness, Jharipaani Falls remains absolutely isolated and very rarely visited. A narrow track through the thick jungle, that adds to the whole adventure, leads to this 30 meters cascade. The peculiar location of the fall on a curvey slope makes it invincible till the last step at its base, all the while the fall remains audible yet invisible. The hundred steps on the eastern side of the cliff were laid during the British times for connection of the pipelines and are elements of adventure at the site. Jharipaani is a small habitation near the St. Georges College from where a narrow track elopes into the forest of the foothills of the Mysterious Pari Tibba.

• Pari Tibba: Pari Tibba, commonly known as Aanchari daanda in Uttarakhand, is a very common belief in the Himalayan state where certain hilltops are said to be the abode of Aanchari or pari meaning fairy. These hilltops are often secluded from the general habitation and are distinctively scenically located. The Pari Tibba of Mussoorie is an isolated hilltop on an eastwardly ridge of the town which stretches from the Woodstock School in the North till the Jharipaani falls in the south. People of the nearby villages believe the existence of fairies on the hill. They say that the fairies bathe in the secretly located Jharipaani falls and move around the entire hillside. The ridge, when seen from the Barlowganj area, appears like a reclining lady which also supports the logic behind the name. However, a day hike through the deodar forest is worth a visit.

• Dhanolti Forest: Dhanolti (2258 m) is famous for its pristine deodar forest which can be reached after a 26 km drive eastwards from Mussoorie. The road leads towards the town of Chamba through the rich fruit belt of the region with a constant view of the lofty Himalayas. Tiny hamlets through the route make it a laidback approach towards the serene deodar hub where inns, restaurants, camp sites and pony rides through the cool deodar breeze makes it a memorable visit. The Mussoorie Forest Division has encircled an eco-park at Dhanolti ridge where handicrafts of Garhwal and Kumaon are available. The Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) guest house and the Forest Department Tourist Rest House (TRH) are scenically located.

• Surkanda Devi Temple: Surkanda Devi temple is majestically situated atop 2903 meters which is also the highest point in the entire region. Surkanda Devi is an incarnation of Goddess Shakti who is revered by the locals as the deity of optimum blessings. The temple can be reached after a trek of approx a kilometer from Kaddukhal which is 32 km from Mussoorie on the Chamba highway. Numerous shops with subjects of offering and a number of eating joints throng the base of the climb. The temple site enables an awesome panorama of the great Himalayas towards north and the vast valley towards the south. Navaratra attracts a number of devotees from near and far towards the ever blessing Surkanda Devi.

• Chamba: beautifully located on the junction of the roads to Mussoorie, Rishikesh and New Tehri, Chamba is a small town with a pace of its own. Chamba has its mention in numerous Garhwali and Jaunpuri folk songs. The fruit and vegetable belt of Chamba forms the backbone of the economy of the town. The small town of Chamba has the pride of being the home of martyr Gabar Singh Negi of the Garhwal Rifles.

• Sir George Everest House: The Queen of the Hills has the honor of being the residence and office of Sir George Everest who lived in the Park Estate near Haathipaon where the Headquarters of the Great Royal Trigonometrical Survey of India was shifted from Dehradun. Sir Everest was here as one of the Surveyor Generals and contributed the most to the world of trigonometry staying at the Park Estate where he had an observatory an a natural 9 holes golf coarse. The vast flat grassland provides an excellent view of the great Himalayas in the north and the vast stretch of the Doon Valley in the South. The erstwhile bungalow of Sir Everest stand perched on a cliff which also happens to be an echo-point. The Estate and the vicinity is on of the most sought after location among film makers.

• Benog Birds Sanctuary/Jwala ji temple: The Benog Sanctuary covers the forest of the western ridge of Mussoorie and happens to be the area where the extinct mountain quail was last seen during the 1970s. The thick oak jungles inhabits a healthy population of birds along with leopards, Himalayan black bear, barking deer, giant squirrels, rabbits, pheasants and wild rodents. The impressive Benog hilltop is perched by Goddess Jwalaji temple where an annual fair is held during autumn. The hilltop also provides magnificent view of the great Himalayas, the Mussoorie township, and the Yamuna river valley towards north and the Doon Valley in the south. The healthy population of avifauna in the forest makes an ideal place for bird watching.

• Bhadraaj Temple and Forest: Bhadraaj Devta is the prime deity of the region that encircles Jaunpur-Jaunsaar belt which also includes Mussoorie. An ancient temple of the deity is situated on a secluded meadow top, some 8 km westwards from the town of Mussoorie. The Bhadraaj temple is the border of the Mussoorie jurisdiction where an annual two day fair is held during 16th and 17th of August. The fair in which milk is offered to Bhadraaj Devta attracts thousands of devotees from near and far. A stone outside the temple bear formal inscriptions in English and Arabic which suggests about the early visitors of the place. The dirt track to Bhadraaj temple goes through scenic villages, vast fields and thick forest of oak and rhododendron which inhabits a healthy population of leopards, Himalayan black bear, barking deer, giant squirrels, rabbits, pheasants and wild rodents.

• Yamuna Bridge: 26 km westwards of the town on the Yamunotri highway fresh and crystal clear Yamuna River gushes her way through a wide valley. The route goes through some of the breathtaking landscapes dotted with lively villages, rich fields and virgin wilderness. An iron bridge over the Yamuna connects the Tehri district with the Dehradun district. The area around the bridge is adorned with tiny wooden huts which serve as the eating joints for the commuters. Fresh fish from the Yamuna is a regular and in demand feast. Angling can be enjoyed with a prior permission from the DFO Mussoorie. A few adventure agencies provide rafting on the gradually flowing Yamuna.

• Naag Tibba: One of the highest peaks in the entire region of the Jaunpur block including Mussoorie is Naag Tibba. The thick concentration of oak, deodar and rhododendron inhabits a healthy population of flora and fauna and a sight of leopard, the Himalayan black bear and wild boar is very common. The picturesque meadow below the Naag Tibba summit houses an ancient Naag Devta temple in the wilderness thus got the name. People of the nearby villages had been coming to the shrine to offer their first harvest to the Naag Devta who is one of the prime deities of the region. A pit beside the temple always overflows with water amazingly at such a height. The summit (10,000 ft.), locally known as Jhandi, is reached after a steep climb through dense forest which leads to a small meadow on the top where a deodar pole is erected on which the villager tie pieces of sanctified cloths, hence called Jhandi. The Jhandi top provides magnificent view of the mighty Himalayas. The rich pasture land of Naag Tibba is also the summer grazing ground for the Van Gujjar (nomadic Herdsmen) and their thatch shelter can be used for night halt. The ruins of the British Banglow where German mountaineer Heinrich Harrer of the Seven Years in Tibet fame halted after his escape from the prisoners of war camp in Dehradun.

• Lakhamandal: An ASI protected Shiva temple 60 km from Mussoorie on the Yamunotri highway is an interesting subject for the archaeologists and anthropologists. This 5000 year old site is believed to have been built by the Pandavas of the epic Mahabharat which was later rebuilt by princess Ishwara of Singhpura near Jullundhar. The temple and the village are rich with ancient statutes and articles which are still being excavated from inside the earth. Believers also link this place with the Lakhshagriha conspiracy of the epic Mahabharata. 

MUSSOORIE THE QUEEN OF THE HILLS



Mussoorie the Queen of the hills
A beautiful view of Mussoorie




Area                           :      64.25 sq. km.

Altitude                      :      2005.5 meters above sea level

Population                :      29,319 approx (according to 2001 census)

STD code                 :      0135

Climate                     :      Summer- Maximum- 23* C

                                       Minimum - 10* C
                                       Winter - Maximum- 10* C
                                       Minimum - 1* C
                                       Rain – 180 cm
Accessibility             :      Air- The nearest airport is Jolly grant which is 24 km from Dehradun.
                                       Rail-The nearest railway station is Dehradun which is 34 km.
Distance from Delhi :      280 km NH 58.

Mussoorie the Queen of the hills
A beautiful view of Mussoorie

The heavenly bliss which is known as the Queen of the Hills was once a lush forest comprising of oak, rhododendron and deodar where the people of Bhatta and Kyarkuli villages grazed their cattle. One particular Mansoor shrub (cororiana nepalensis) grew in abundance hence the  villagers named the ridge as Mansuri. There were about seven flat lands on which cattle sheds of the villagers existed and the narrow Surkanda-Bhadraaj pilgrimage route dissected the ridge. The same track, which is said to be once overflowed by six natural springs, is the present Mall Road. The Bhatta and Kyarkuli villages still exist as gateways on the Dehradun-Mussoorie highway. It was during the year 1826 that Captain Frederick Young of the Sirmour Battalion ventured out on a horse from Rajpur into the Mansuri ridge. As the region was rich in exotic flora and fauna, Captain Young, along with Sir F.J. Shore, built a shooting box around the Camel's Back Road area. Later, Captain Young made the first residence in Mansuri which he named Mullingaar after his county in Ireland. The pleasing climate of the ridge, which bear a  resemblance very much to that of Irish and Scottish highlands, was chosen as best for a healthy sojourn and subsequently, the Landour Sanitarium was established. The talks about the newly found hill resort soon got spread to the farthest and many more Brits, that included officers of the East India Company, renowned writers, artists and entrepreneurs followed suit resulting into the formation of Landour and Mussoorie township. Eventually Mansuri of the local Jaunpuris became a haven for pleasure and gaiety with the Queen of the Hills as its new identity. The fun and galore that enthralled the days and nights of Mussoorie eventually lured the princes and the nawabs of the Indian states who left no stone unturned to acquire striking locations where they got built their impressive chateaus and bungalows which still exists in and around the town. The Queen of the Hills stretches majestically east-westwards overlooked by the Greater Himalayas in the north and cradled by the vast Doon Valley in the south and thus forming a buffer zone between the ultra modern life of the plains and the tribal belt of Jaunpur-Jaunsaar. Gradually, the Hillman from the villages of neighboring Garhwal, business community from the plains and the Gorkhali people began immigrating in pursuit of commercial opportunities. After the Chinese occupation of Tibet in the year 1959 a number of Tibetans got settled in the Happy Valley area turning Mussoorie into a harmonious culmination of a unique social setup. However, the very essence of the Queen of the Hills is loaded with the romance and charm of the colonial times which still beckons through its tranquility.